Standalone Application and Web

 1. Are both using the same technology?
No.

2. What are the differences?
Standalone application is a program that does not require operating system's services to run. It can work offline and does not necessarily require network connection to function.
A web application is an application that is accessed over a network such as the Internet or an intranet. The term may also mean a computer software application that is hosted in a browser-controlled environment (e.g. a Java applet) or coded in a browser-supported language (such as JavaScript, combined with a browser-rendered markup language like HTML) and reliant on a common web browser to render the application executable.

3. When is the appropriate time to develop standalone applications or web-based application?
Standalone application can be developed when there is limited or no internet connection. In the other hand, web-based application can be developed when the internet connection is good.

4. Which one you prefer?
 I prefer standalone application since it can be developed and used at any time.